Rogowski Coils for current measurement.

Invented in 1912, Rogowski coils are air-cored toroidal
windings which, when wrapped around a current carrying
conductor, produce a voltage proportional to the differential
of the current flowing in the conductor.




Having no magnetic core, there are no saturation effects and
bandwidth is wide.

Windings are traditionally evenly spaced around the toroid
and output voltage is largely independent of distortions in
the shape of the toroid. This last feature means flexible
wraparound Rogowski coils can be quickly attached to
unbroken conductors.

To compensate for inherent differention, an integrator is
connected to the coil output.




One major drawback is, a simple Rogowski coil is susceptible
to external magnetic interference.
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